Gastric Sleeve Surgery: An Overview
Gastric Sleeve, medically known as Sleeve Gastrectomy, is one of the most common and effective bariatric (weight-loss) procedures performed worldwide.
It is primarily recommended for individuals struggling with obesity and related health conditions who have not achieved significant results through diet, exercise, or medical therapy.
What is Gastric Sleeve Surgery?
Gastric Sleeve surgery involves the removal of approximately 70–80% of the stomach.
The remaining portion is reshaped into a narrow, tube-like structure that resembles a “sleeve.”
This significantly reduces the stomach’s capacity, allowing patients to feel full with smaller portions of food.
Unlike gastric bypass, the digestive system is not rerouted in this procedure, making it simpler in terms of anatomy.
However, the impact on appetite and food intake is considerable.
How Does It Work?
- Reduced Stomach Capacity: Patients eat less because their stomach holds a much smaller volume of food.
- Hormonal Changes: The surgery decreases the production of ghrelin, also called the “hunger hormone,” which naturally reduces appetite.
- Improved Satiety: Patients feel full sooner, leading to sustainable weight loss.
Benefits of Gastric Sleeve
- Effective Weight Loss: Most patients lose 50–70% of their excess weight within 12–18 months after surgery.
- Improved Health Conditions: Significant improvements are often observed in type 2 diabetes, hypertension, high cholesterol, and sleep apnea.
- No Foreign Objects: Unlike gastric banding, there are no implanted devices.
- Simplicity: Compared to gastric bypass, the procedure is less complex, with fewer long-term risks of malabsorption.
Possible Risks and Considerations
As with any major surgery, Gastric Sleeve carries certain risks, such as:
- Postoperative bleeding or leakage from the stomach staple line
- Nutritional deficiencies if patients do not follow medical guidance
- Acid reflux or heartburn in some cases
- General surgical risks (infection, blood clots, anesthesia complications)
Who is a Candidate?
Gastric Sleeve is usually recommended for:
- Individuals with a BMI (Body Mass Index) over 40
- Individuals with a BMI over 35 who also suffer from obesity-related conditions such as diabetes or hypertension
- Patients committed to making long-term lifestyle and dietary changes
Conclusion
Gastric Sleeve surgery is not merely a weight-loss tool, but a life-changing medical intervention that can improve health, mobility, and overall quality of life.
Success after the procedure largely depends on the patient’s commitment to maintaining a healthy diet, regular physical activity, and follow-up with healthcare providers.
